组图:人类工程奇迹 全球最长铁路隧道开通

6月1日(周三),经过近20年的施工,瑞士圣哥达基线(Gotthard Base Tunnel)隧道正式全线通车。圣哥达基线隧道是全球最长、最深的铁路隧道,横贯阿尔卑斯山。开通当日德国、法国、意大利首脑来到隧道参加庆典,认为这项工程奇迹代表欧洲的团结。

瑞士为铁路的开通举行了盛大典礼,第1批参加官方开通大典的人士,还包括从13万人中抽到的500名幸运儿。

Swiss President Johann Schneider-Ammann (R) shakes hands with Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi on the opening day of the Gotthard rail tunnel, the world's longest railway tunnel in the world, at the fairground Rynaecht at the northern portal in Erstfeld, Switzerland, on June 1, 2016. The new Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) is set to become the world's longest railway tunnel when it opens on June 1.The 57-kilometre (35.4-mile) tunnel, which runs under the Alps, was first conceived in sketch-form in 1947 but construction began 17 years ago. / AFP / POOL / PETER KLAUNZER (Photo credit should read PETER KLAUNZER/AFP/Getty Images)

6月1日隧道开通庆典,意大利总理马泰奥·伦齐(左)与瑞士联邦主席约翰·施奈德 – 阿曼(右)握手。(PETER KLAUNZER/AFP/Getty Images)

Swiss President Johann Schneider-Ammann (R) speaks with German Chancellor Angela Merkel on the opening day of the Gotthard rail tunnel, the world's longest railway tunnel in the world, at the fairground Rynaecht at the northern portal in Erstfeld, Switzerland, on June 1, 2016. The new Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) is set to become the world's longest railway tunnel when it opens on June 1.The 57-kilometre (35.4-mile) tunnel, which runs under the Alps, was first conceived in sketch-form in 1947 but construction began 17 years ago. / AFP / POOL / PETER KLAUNZER (Photo credit should read PETER KLAUNZER/AFP/Getty Images)

6月1日隧道开通庆典,德国总理默克尔(左)与瑞士联邦主席约翰·施奈德 – 阿曼(右)在一起。(PETER KLAUNZER/AFP/Getty Images)

Swiss President Johann Schneider-Ammann (R) shakes hands with French President Francois Hollande on the opening day of the Gotthard rail tunnel, the world's longest railway tunnel in the world, at the fairground Rynaecht at the northern portal in Erstfeld, Switzerland, on June 1, 2016. The new Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) is set to become the world's longest railway tunnel when it opens on June 1.The 57-kilometre (35.4-mile) tunnel, which runs under the Alps, was first conceived in sketch-form in 1947 but construction began 17 years ago. / AFP / POOL / PETER KLAUNZER (Photo credit should read PETER KLAUNZER/AFP/Getty Images)

6月1日隧道开通庆典,法国总统奥朗德(左)与瑞士联邦主席约翰·施奈德 – 阿曼(右)握手。(PETER KLAUNZER/AFP/Getty Images)

Swiss President Johann Schneider-Ammann delivers a speech during the opening ceremony of of the Gotthard rail tunnel, the longest rail tunnel in the world, in Erstfeld, Switzerland, on June 1, 2016. The new Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) is set to become the world's longest railway tunnel when it opens on June 1.The 57-kilometre (35.4-mile) tunnel, which runs under the Alps, was first conceived in sketch-form in 1947 but construction began 17 years ago. / AFP / FABRICE COFFRINI (Photo credit should read FABRICE COFFRINI/AFP/Getty Images)

6月1日隧道开通庆典,瑞士联邦主席约翰·施奈德 – 阿曼(右)讲话。 (FABRICE COFFRINI/AFP/Getty Images)

Swiss Federal President Johann Schneider-Ammann speaks on the opening day of the Gotthard rail tunnel, the longest rail tunnel in the world, in Erstfeld, Switzerland, on June 1, 2016. The new Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) is set to become the world's longest railway tunnel when it opens on June 1. The 57-kilometre (35.4-mile) tunnel, which runs under the Alps, was first conceived in sketch-form in 1947 but construction began 17 years ago. / AFP / POOL / PETER KLAUNZER (Photo credit should read PETER KLAUNZER/AFP/Getty Images)

6月1日隧道开通庆典,瑞士联邦主席约翰·施奈德 – 阿曼(右)讲话。 (FABRICE COFFRINI/AFP/Getty Images)

People perform on the old Gotthard diligence during the opening show directed by German director Volker Hesse, on the opening day of the Gotthard rail tunnel, the longest rail tunnel in the world, at the fairground Rynaecht at the northern portal in Erstfeld, Switzerland, on June 1, 2016. The new Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) is set to become the world's longest railway tunnel when it opens on June 1. The 57-kilometre (35.4-mile) tunnel, which runs under the Alps, was first conceived in sketch-form in 1947 but construction began 17 years ago. / AFP / POOL / PETER KLAUNZER (Photo credit should read PETER KLAUNZER/AFP/Getty Images)

6月1日隧道开通庆典,演员在表演节目。(PETER KLAUNZER/AFP/Getty Images)

An Italian train makes its way at the north entrance of the new Gotthard Base Tunnel the world's longest train tunnel on the eve of its opening ceremony on May 31, 2016 in Erstfeld. The new Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) is set to become the world's longest railway tunnel when it opens on June 1.The 57-kilometre (35.4-mile) tunnel, which runs under the Alps, was first conceived in sketch-form in 1947 but construction began 17 years ago. / AFP / FABRICE COFFRINI (Photo credit should read FABRICE COFFRINI/AFP/Getty Images)

全长57公里的瑞士圣哥达基线(Gotthard Base Tunnel)隧道正式全线通车。(FABRICE COFFRINI/AFP/Getty Images)

A train makes its way at the north entrance of the new Gotthard Base Tunnel the world's longest train tunnel on the eve of its opening ceremony on May 31, 2016 in Erstfeld. The new Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) is set to become the world's longest railway tunnel when it opens on June 1.The 57-kilometre (35.4-mile) tunnel, which runs under the Alps, was first conceived in sketch-form in 1947 but construction began 17 years ago. / AFP / FABRICE COFFRINI (Photo credit should read FABRICE COFFRINI/AFP/Getty Images)

全长57公里的瑞士圣哥达基线(Gotthard Base Tunnel)隧道正式全线通车。(FABRICE COFFRINI/AFP/Getty Images)

圣哥达基线隧道全长57公里,总投资约达120亿美元。阿尔卑斯山被贯通后,高速列车仅需17分钟就能穿过,苏黎世与米兰之间的行程比以往的4个小时缩短约一个小时。

根据英国《卫报》(The Guardian)报导,这条铁路隧道还将成为“莱因阿尔卑斯走廊”的中心枢纽,取道德国的工业心脏地带,北连荷兰的鹿特丹港(Rotterdam)和安特卫普(Antwerp),南接意大利的热内亚港(Genoa)。

据NBC新闻报导,修建这条隧道历时17年的艰苦工作,包括在2300米地下切割巨大的岩石。建筑隧道花费120亿美元,有9名工人因此丧生。

为了修建这条世界第一隧道,工人们挖出3100万吨岩石,足以打造5个埃及大金字塔。新的隧道铁路线最深处为2300米,经过处最热的岩石温度达46摄氏度。岩土工程师、英国《地面工程》杂志编辑克莱尔•史密斯(Claire Smith)称之为“巨大的成就”。

双向铁路线能承负更长更重的列车,使得瑞士南北货运走廊的货运量从2200万吨,增加到4400万吨,从而减少阿尔卑斯山区的空气污染,以及减少公路车祸的概率。

圣哥达基线隧道在开始建造的时候颇受争议, 但瑞士选民在1990年代进行了一系列有约束力的公投力排众议,支持这项庞大的铁路工程。#

责任编辑:马丽

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